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Question 1(Multiple Choice Worth 4 points) (06.08 LC) Which of the following organisms is a vertebrate? Insect Sponge Fish Starfish Question 2(Multiple Choice Worth 4 points) (06.04 MC) Which of the following correctly describes the relationship between the stolon and hyphae in fungi? Hyphae can grow to form a stolon above ground. Hyphae store the spores that are produced by the stolon. Hyphae are provided structural support by the stolon. Hyphae produce spores, and the stolon distributes them. Question 3(Multiple Choice Worth 4 points) (06.05 LC) Which division of the plant kingdom is made up of plants that have flowers or fruit? Gymnosperms Angiosperms Seedless vascular plants Nonvascular plants Question 4(Multiple Choice Worth 4 points) (06.01 MC) When the Linnaean system of classification was first developed in the early 1700s, it only had two kingdoms for living things, the plant and animal kingdoms. Three more kingdoms have been added since then, as well as a higher division of three domains. Why are we still using this system if we have to keep changing the way it is organized? The changes reflect decreases in our knowledge of the structure and operation of living things. Each change represents new species that have evolved since the system was developed. The general system still works despite all the changes each generation of scientists has added. It has been used for so long that it would be difficult to change to a different one. Question 5(Multiple Choice Worth 4 points) (06.08 MC) Which of the following best describes a characteristic that distinguishes animals from protists? Most animals are eukaryotes, and most protists are prokaryotes. Most animals have bilateral symmetry, and most protists have radial symmetry. Most animals have cell walls containing proteins, and most protist cell walls contain chitin. Most animals are multicellular, and most protists are unicellular. Question 6(Multiple Choice Worth 4 points) (06.01 LC) Which of the following categories contains the most species? Order Genus Class Phylum Question 7(Multiple Choice Worth 4 points) (06.07 MC) Which of the following best compares the roles of the reproductive structures found in an angiosperm? The male stamens hold the pollen, the female pistil holds the ovule, and the petals attract pollinators. The female anthers holds the eggs, the male anthers contain pollen, and the petals provide nutrients for the growing embryo. The male anthers hold the pollen tube, the female ovule holds the egg, and the petals grow around the seed to form a fruit. The female stamens hold the ovules, the male pistil forms the pollen tube, and the petals provide nectar to pollinators. Question 8(Multiple Choice Worth 4 points) (06.03 MC) While snorkeling in the ocean you find large, leafy organisms that are brownish in color growing in large masses. You are unsure whether they are protists since they look quite plant-like. If they are actually protists, what characteristic will the organism's cells exhibit? Each of the cells in the organism will have its own nucleus. The cells will form a colony with separate groups of cells doing various jobs. The cells will form a colony without differentiating into separate tissues. Most of the cells in the organism will have cilia or flagella. Question 9(Multiple Choice Worth 4 points) (06.02 MC) A pathogenic strain of bacteria has become resistant to an antibiotic that once could kill it. What has happened to these bacteria to make this happen? The bacterial cells learned to remove the receptors on their cell surfaces, making it impossible for the antibiotic to attack them. Most of the bacteria make changes to their DNA to protect themselves, making themselves immune to future attacks. Some of the bacterial cells were able to produce toxins against the antibiotics, making them more likely to survive. Only the few bacteria that were immune to the antibiotic survived and reproduced, making all their offspring immune to it as well. Question 10(Multiple Choice Worth 4 points) (06.02 HC) Among the Bacteria and Archaea, which process produces results that are most similar to the results of sexual reproduction in eukaryotes and why? Binary fission, because it is used to produce identical daughter cells Conjugation, because one cell trades genetic material directly with another cell Transformation, because the cell picks up genes from its environment Transduction, because genes are added to the cell through an intermediary Question 11(Multiple Choice Worth 4 points) (06.06 LC) Which type of plant tissue exists in the roots, leaves, and stems and is responsible for transport of water, food, and minerals? Meristematic tissue Ground tissue Dermal tissue Vascular tissue Question 12(Multiple Choice Worth 4 points) (06.01 MC) Why might knowledge of the gene and protein sequences of a species be useful in classifying that species? It would keep the species from being interbred with any other species that might appear physically similar to it. It would make it possible to compare that species to other species at a level deeper than outward appearance. It would allow more accurate naming of the species by basing names on genes rather than appearance. It would prove that all the members of a given species were genetically identical to each other. Question 13(Multiple Choice Worth 4 points) (06.01 HC) If two different organisms have nuclei in their cells and have young that are produced from eggs, what else can be assumed about them based on their phylogeny? They are members of the domain Archaea, but not necessarily members of the same kingdom. They both belong to the same phylum, and possibly to the same species. They both belong to the same class, but not necessarily to the same genus. They are members of the domain Eukaryota, and possibly members of the same kingdom. Question 14(Multiple Choice Worth 4 points) (06.06 MC) How would the quantity of stomata compare between plants in tropical environments and plants in hot, arid climates? Plants in tropical climates would have fewer stomata because they would need to prevent the absorption of too much water from the atmosphere. Plants in hot, arid climates would have fewer stomata because they would need to prevent undesirable water loss from the plant leaves. Plants in hot, arid climates would have more stomata because they would need to release heat from the leaves to prevent dehydration. Plants in tropical climates would have more stomata because they would need to absorb more water from the air than plants in arid climates. Question 15(Multiple Choice Worth 4 points) (06.03 MC) Why are amoebas more likely to use endocytosis than red algae? Amoebas live in harsh environments and need to form endospores through endocytosis, while red algae rarely need to. Reproduction in amoebas involves endocytosis, while reproduction in red algae involves spore formation. The amoebas have to use endocytosis for photosynthesis while the red algae use pinocytosis during photosynthesis. Endocytosis is the only way amoebas can bring food into their cells, while red algae can produce food by photosynthesis. Question 16(Multiple Choice Worth 4 points) (06.08 MC) Which of the following provides the best comparison between reptiles and fish? They both have scales, but fish are ectothermic, and reptiles are endothermic. They are both ectothermic, but fish have gills, and reptiles have lungs. They are both vertebrates, but fish have three-chambered hearts, and reptiles have two-chambered hearts. They both lay eggs, but fish are invertebrates, and reptiles are vertebrates. Question 17(Multiple Choice Worth 4 points) (06.02 MC) The smallest of the single-celled organisms that assist with decomposition in the soil are most likely to have which of the following characteristics? A different form of DNA containing uracil instead of thymine Chitin or cellulose in their cell walls Branching, ether-linked hydrocarbons in their cell membranes A special form of RNA polymerase unique to their domain Question 18(Multiple Choice Worth 4 points) (06.01 MC) How are viruses different from bacteria? Bacteria are heterotrophic, while viruses are autotrophic. Bacteria are living organisms; viruses are not. Bacteria have a membrane-bound nucleus, while viruses do not. Bacteria are multicellular; viruses are single cells. Question 19(Multiple Choice Worth 4 points) (06.04 MC) Which of the following best describes a characteristic of fungi that differentiates them from bacteria? fungi are eukaryotes, while bacteria are prokaryotes. bacteria are heterotrophs, while fungi are autotrophs. bacteria have gametangia, while fungi do not. fungi have cell walls, while bacteria do not. Question 20(Multiple Choice Worth 4 points) (06.06 MC) Which of the following correctly describes the relationship depicted in the diagram below? the relationship between different plant hormones and their functions the completed plant tissues and the cells that initiate their growth the types of cells and the tissues in which they can be found in a plant the differences between plant structures and the hormones they produce Question 21(Multiple Choice Worth 4 points) (06.07 HC) The gametophytes of an unknown plant are contained within the sporophyte, and the plant produces separate male and female gametophytes. Which of the following is the best conclusion about the life cycle of this plant? The plant is a moss, and the sporophyte is its dominant phase. The plant is a gymnosperm, and the sporophyte is its dominant phase. The plant is a fern, and the gametophyte is its dominant phase. The plant is an angiosperm, and the gametophyte is its dominant phase.